{
 "viewingDirection": "right-to-left",
 "metadata": [
  {
   "label": "Language(s)",
   "value": "Classical Chinese"
  },
  {
   "label": "Physical Location",
   "value": "The John Rylands Library"
  },
  {
   "label": "Extent",
   "value": "1 scroll (zhou 軸) in 1 box (he 盒). height: 27 cm, width: 600 cm."
  },
  {
   "label": "Classmark",
   "value": "Chinese Crawford 459"
  },
  {
   "label": "Subject(s)",
   "value": "Buddhism"
  },
  {
   "label": "Abstract",
   "value": "<p style='text-align: justify;'>This book\u2014in form of a scroll\u2014is not just a text but a prestige object: one scroll in a case, with one wooden roller. Woodblock-printed; ink on paper on linen, the paper being glued upon the linen.<\/p><p style='text-align: justify;'> The text on the scroll is an excerpt of the much longer Huayan jing 華嚴經, or Avatamsaka Sutra (Flower Adornment Sutra), a foundational text of the Huayan school of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism. The sutra describes an infinite cosmos, the interdependency of all phenomena, and how to achieve Buddhahood.<\/p><p style='text-align: justify;'> A thumb index, just as in a typical Chinese book, runs through the scroll, with smallish characters repeating \u2018華嚴經卷五\u2019 [Flower Adornment Sutra, Chapter Five]. Written in literary Chinese, the text is one of countless Buddhist translations from Sanskrit and other languages. The Indian monk Buddhabhadra produced the first translation in 418-420 CE, about 300 years after the original was written.<\/p><p style='text-align: justify;'> While this scroll\u2019s colophon claims that it was printed during the Ming era, this does not naturally mean that this material artefact originates from the Ming. It could well be a Qing reprint of a scroll originally printed in the Ming.<\/p>"
  },
  {
   "label": "Acquisition",
   "value": "Purchased by Enriqueta Rylands in 1901 from James Ludovic Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford. Bequeathed by Rylands to the John Rylands Library in 1908."
  },
  {
   "label": "Title",
   "value": "Huayan jing"
  },
  {
   "label": "Format",
   "value": "Scroll"
  },
  {
   "label": "Associated Person(s)",
   "value": "Crawford, James Ludovic Lindsay, Earl of, 1847-1913"
  },
  {
   "label": "Date of Creation",
   "value": "Ming dynasty, Wanli era, 1572-1620"
  },
  {
   "label": "Data Source(s)",
   "value": "Description based on Li Guoying 李国英, Zhou Xiaowen 周晓⽂, and Zhang Xianrong 张宪荣 (eds), <i>Yingguo Manchesite Daxue Yuahan Lailanzi tushuguan Zhongwen guji mulu 英國曼徹斯特⼤學約翰·賴闌茲圖書館中⽂古籍⽬錄 = Bibliography of Ancient Chinese Books Held by the John Rylands Library of the University of Manchester, United Kingdom<\/i>, 2 vols. (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2018), revised and expanded by Johannes S.Lotze."
  },
  {
   "label": "Date of Acquisition",
   "value": "1901"
  },
  {
   "label": "Alternative Title(s)",
   "value": "華嚴經; Avatamsaka Sutra; Translated title: Flower Adornment Sutra"
  }
 ],
 "@type": "sc:Manifest",
 "attribution": "Provided by The University of Manchester. <p>Zooming image © University of Manchester Library, All rights reserved.<\/p>  Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).  Metadata made available for download is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).",
 "structures": [{
  "canvases": [
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/1",
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/2",
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/3",
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/4",
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/5",
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/6",
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/7",
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/8",
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/9",
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/10",
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/11",
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/12",
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/13",
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/14",
   "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/15"
  ],
  "@type": "sc:Range",
  "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/range/DOCUMENT",
  "label": "Huayan jing"
 }],
 "description": "<p style='text-align: justify;'>This book\u2014in form of a scroll\u2014is not just a text but a prestige object: one scroll in a case, with one wooden roller. Woodblock-printed; ink on paper on linen, the paper being glued upon the linen.<\/p><p style='text-align: justify;'> The text on the scroll is an excerpt of the much longer Huayan jing 華嚴經, or Avatamsaka Sutra (Flower Adornment Sutra), a foundational text of the Huayan school of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism. The sutra describes an infinite cosmos, the interdependency of all phenomena, and how to achieve Buddhahood.<\/p><p style='text-align: justify;'> A thumb index, just as in a typical Chinese book, runs through the scroll, with smallish characters repeating \u2018華嚴經卷五\u2019 [Flower Adornment Sutra, Chapter Five]. Written in literary Chinese, the text is one of countless Buddhist translations from Sanskrit and other languages. The Indian monk Buddhabhadra produced the first translation in 418-420 CE, about 300 years after the original was written.<\/p><p style='text-align: justify;'> While this scroll\u2019s colophon claims that it was printed during the Ming era, this does not naturally mean that this material artefact originates from the Ming. It could well be a Qing reprint of a scroll originally printed in the Ming.<\/p>",
 "logo": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/mirador-ui/uom_logo.png",
 "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459",
 "label": "Huayan jing (Chinese Crawford 459)",
 "sequences": [{
  "canvases": [
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00001.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 6500,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00001.jp2",
      "height": 2046
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/1"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 6500,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/1",
    "label": "1",
    "height": 2046
   },
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00002.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 6500,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00002.jp2",
      "height": 3653
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/2"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 6500,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/2",
    "label": "2",
    "height": 3653
   },
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00003.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 6500,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00003.jp2",
      "height": 3655
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/3"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 6500,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/3",
    "label": "3",
    "height": 3655
   },
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00004.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 6500,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00004.jp2",
      "height": 3664
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/4"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 6500,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/4",
    "label": "4",
    "height": 3664
   },
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00005.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 6500,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00005.jp2",
      "height": 3689
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/5"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 6500,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/5",
    "label": "5",
    "height": 3689
   },
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00006.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 6500,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00006.jp2",
      "height": 3664
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/6"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 6500,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/6",
    "label": "6",
    "height": 3664
   },
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00007.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 6500,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00007.jp2",
      "height": 3635
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/7"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 6500,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/7",
    "label": "7",
    "height": 3635
   },
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00008.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 6500,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00008.jp2",
      "height": 3654
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/8"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 6500,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/8",
    "label": "8",
    "height": 3654
   },
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00009.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 6500,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00009.jp2",
      "height": 3688
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/9"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 6500,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/9",
    "label": "9",
    "height": 3688
   },
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00010.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 6500,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00010.jp2",
      "height": 3701
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/10"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 6500,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/10",
    "label": "10",
    "height": 3701
   },
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00011.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 6500,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00011.jp2",
      "height": 3697
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/11"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 6500,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/11",
    "label": "11",
    "height": 3697
   },
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00012.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 6500,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00012.jp2",
      "height": 3656
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/12"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 6500,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/12",
    "label": "12",
    "height": 3656
   },
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00013.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 6500,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00013.jp2",
      "height": 3685
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/13"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 6500,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/13",
    "label": "13",
    "height": 3685
   },
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00014.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 6500,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00014.jp2",
      "height": 3697
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/14"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 6500,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/14",
    "label": "14",
    "height": 3697
   },
   {
    "images": [{
     "resource": {
      "@type": "dctypes:Image",
      "service": {
       "profile": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
       "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00015.jp2",
       "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json"
      },
      "format": "image/jpg",
      "width": 5882,
      "@id": "https://image.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459-000-00015.jp2",
      "height": 6500
     },
     "@type": "oa:Annotation",
     "motivation": "sc:painting",
     "on": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/15"
    }],
    "@type": "sc:Canvas",
    "width": 5882,
    "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/canvas/15",
    "label": "15",
    "height": 6500
   }
  ],
  "@type": "sc:Sequence",
  "@id": "https://www.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/iiif/PR-CHCR-00459/sequence",
  "label": "Current Page Order"
 }],
 "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json",
 "seeAlso": "https://services.digitalcollections.manchester.ac.uk/v1/metadata/tei/PR-CHCR-00459/"
}