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   "label": "Note(s)",
   "value": "<p>Title from incipit.<\/p><p>Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke distinguishes thirteen variants, grouped under two editions, one of 30 lines (I-30), one of 31 lines (I-31). This edition bears 31 lines and is recorded in seven variants, the result of minor changes made to the standing type during printing.<\/p><p>Five issues of I-31 bear a printed date of 1454 [21 known copies], the sixth and seventh issues bear a printed date of 1455 [20 copies]<\/p><p>A copy of the fourth variant printing of I-31 was purchased by Margarethe Kremer at Erfurt on 22 October 1454, indicating that printing of the edition began before that date.<\/p><p>The earliest purchase date known for the sixth variant printing I-31 is 7 March 1455, leading F. Geldner to suggest that variant six was not printed until January or February 1455 (Geldner, Die Mainzer Ablaßbriefe der Jahre 1454 und 1455, col. 608). Seven examples of I-31 bearing the printed date 1454 were actually sold in 1455, the printed date being altered by hand.<\/p><p>Ing, The Mainz indulgences of 1454/5, p. 19 states: \"there is general agreement today that I 31 was printed before I 30 ... The pattern of purchase dates ... suggests that I 31 was in circulation first\".<\/p><p>White, Editio Princeps, p. 46 states: \"Most of the 31-line edition ... appears to have been printed during the last three months of 1454, with many copies post-dated to the next year in anticipation of continued sales. Assuming that the types were left standing, additional copies could have been printed as needed in 1455. The 30-line edition appears to have been started later, during the five months leading up to the expiration date of 30 April 1455\".<\/p><p>Printed on vellum on one side only, the editions using different types and different ornamental initials. The headings of I-31 are set with the first state of the DK type (1:164G), later used to print the 36-line Biblia Latina in Bamberg (ISTC ib00527000); the text type (2:96G) appears only in this indulgence; a small number of abbreviated sorts appear with the Catholicon types in some books from the 1460s.<\/p><p>I-31 features three initial letters, which appear to be cast in metal and which are different from those used in I-30.<\/p><p>White, Editio Princeps, p. 46 states: \"Although a few abbreviation sorts from the 31-line edition were intermixed with the Catholicon types to print short works in Mainz and Eltville during the 1460s, the small types of the 30-line edition were never used again in any other surviving edition. Both sets of small types probably were produced in limited supplies exclusively for the indulgence campaign and then were melted down in order to prevent the production of unauthorized indulgences\".<\/p><p>For a review of the debate concerning whether I-30 and I-31 were printed by the same workshop, or different workshops, see Ing, The Mainz indulgences of 1454/5.<\/p><p>The majority of known copies of I-31 were purchased in the Archdiocese of Mainz.<\/p>"
  },
  {
   "label": "Former Owner(s)",
   "value": "Spencer, George John Spencer, Earl, 1758-1834; Deupprecht, Henricus, active 1455; Deupprecht, Anna, active 1455; Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, Friedrich Ludwig, Fürst zu, 1746-1818"
  },
  {
   "label": "Acquisition",
   "value": "<p>Part of the Spencer library acquired by Enriqueta Rylands in 1892 from John Poyntz Spencer (1835-1910), 5th Earl Spencer for The John Rylands Library.<\/p>"
  },
  {
   "label": "Title",
   "value": "Indulgence (1454-1455)"
  },
  {
   "label": "Bookseller(s)",
   "value": "Horn, Alexander, 1762-1820"
  },
  {
   "label": "Publication",
   "value": "Mainz: Printer of the 31-line indulgence and of the 36-line Bible [before 22 October 1454-1455?]"
  },
  {
   "label": "Date of Creation",
   "value": "1454"
  },
  {
   "label": "Origin Place",
   "value": "Germany, Mainz"
  },
  {
   "label": "Alternative Title(s)",
   "value": "Vniuersis Cristifidelib[us] p[o]ntes litteras inspecturis Paulinus Chappe Consiliari[us]; Vniuersis Cristifidelibus pontes litteras inspecturis Paulinus Chappe Consiliarius; Universis Cristifidelibus pontes litteras inspecturis Paulinus Chappe Consiliarius"
  },
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   "label": "Printer(s)",
   "value": "Printer of the 36-line Bible"
  },
  {
   "label": "Language(s)",
   "value": "Latin"
  },
  {
   "label": "Physical Location",
   "value": "The John Rylands Research Institute and Library"
  },
  {
   "label": "Extent",
   "value": "1 sheet: height: 280 mm, width: 275 mm."
  },
  {
   "label": "Additions",
   "value": "<p>The sixth issue, bearing the printed date 1455 and a manuscript date of 7 March - the earliest dated example of the sixth issue of I-31.<\/p><p>Bearing the original 'wafer' seal of the commissioner, Paulinus Chappe.<\/p>"
  },
  {
   "label": "Classmark",
   "value": "17250.2"
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  {
   "label": "Subject(s)",
   "value": "Early works to 1800; Indulgences (Canon law); Europe--Foreign relations--Turkey"
  },
  {
   "label": "Abstract",
   "value": "<p style='text-align: justify;'>The Mainz Indulgences were issued to raise revenue to support the Western European struggle against the Turks and stem from Pope Nicolas V's announcement of 12 August 1451 that between 1 May 1452 and 30 April 1455 a general Indulgence would be granted for those contributing money towards the defence of Cyprus. The organisation and collecting of contributions was delegated to Paulinus Zappe (or Chappe), commissary for John II of Cyprus. Manuscript copies of these Indulgences survive dated from 4 January 1454 to 30 April 1455. Printed indulgences were presumably ordered in the autumn of 1454.<\/p>"
  },
  {
   "label": "Collection",
   "value": "Incunable Collection"
  },
  {
   "label": "Bibliography",
   "value": "<div style='list-style-type: disc;'><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Recorded in University of Manchester <a target='_blank' class='externalLink uom-purple' href='https://www.librarysearch.manchester.ac.uk/permalink/44MAN_INST/elks2a/alma9913561564401631'>Library Search<\/a><\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Incunabula Short Title Catalogue, ic00422600<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke, 6556<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Catalogue of books printed in the XVth century now in the British Museum, I, 15<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>De Ricci, Catalogue raisonné des premières impressions de Mayence, 47-50<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Ing, J., The Mainz indulgences of 1454/5: A review of recent scholarship, pp. 14-31<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Eisermann, Falk, 'Hinter Decken versteckt'. Ein weiteres Exemplar des 31zeiligen Ablaßbriefs (GW 6556) und andere Neufunde von Einblattdrucken des 15. Jahrhunderts, pp. 58-74<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Stewing, Frank-Joachim, Ein unbekanntes Exemplar des 31zeiligen Ablassbriefes von 1454/1455 im Thüringischen Staatsarchiv Rudolstadt, pp. 9-32<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Boldan, Kamil, Egerer Exemplar eines 31zeiligen Ablassbriefes von Gutenberg(?), pp. 221-224<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Hägele, Günter, Paulinus Chappes Besuch beim Mainzer Erzbischof Dietrich von Erbach und der Druck der 31-zeiligen Ablassbriefe (GW 6556 / VE15 C-15), pp. 93-104.<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>White, Eric, Editio Princeps: A history of the Gutenberg Bible, pp. 44-46, fig. 14<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>Dibdin, T.F. Bibliotheca Spenceriana, I, p. xliv (no. 7)<\/div><div style='display: list-item; margin-left: 20px;'>De Ricci, Catalogue raisonné des premières impressions de Mayence, 50, no. 1.<\/div><\/div><br />"
  },
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   "value": "Parchment"
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  {
   "label": "Associated Person(s)",
   "value": "Chappe, Paulinus, active 1455; Allendorf, Johannes, Abbot of St. Burkhard in Würzburg, active 1455"
  },
  {
   "label": "Provenance",
   "value": "<p>From the collection of George John, 2nd Earl Spencer (1758-1834), acquired by him from Alexander Horn (1762-1820) in 1801 for £60. Horn acquired the indulgence from the library of Prince Friedrich Ludwig of Hohenloh-Öhringen, where it had been preserved in the family archive. Earlier in the same year Horn had sold to Spencer another I-31 indulgence from the library of the Benedictines of St. Emmeram in Regensburg [see: Jensen, Kristian, Revolution and the antiquarian book, pp. 60-61]. The two copies described in Dibdin, Biblioteca Spenceriana, I, p. xliv (no. 7), are UML 17250.2 and the second copy, ex-Benedictines of St. Emmeram; this second copy was presumably that later swapped by Spencer for the sole surviving copy of I-30 (now UML 17250.1).<\/p><p>Issued in Würzburg to Henricus Deupprecht [Rupprect?] and his wife Anna [Henricus Deupprecht et Anna vxor eius legitima], and sold by <a dir='auto' href='' onclick='store.loadPage(4);return false;'>Johannes Allendorf, the abbot of St. Burkhard in Würzburg<\/a>, for <a dir='auto' href='' onclick='store.loadPage(3);return false;'>1 florin<\/a>. The text of the Indulgence, with the names of the purchasers, was published in Christian Ernst Hansselmann, Weiter erläutert- und vertheidigte Landes-Hoheit des hauses Hohenlohe vor denen Zeiten des sogenannten grossen Interregni (Nuremberg: Adam Jonathan Felsecker's heirs, 1757), pp. 324-26.<\/p>"
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